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Testicular Cancer
Overview
Testicular cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of one or both testicles.

The testicles are 2 egg-shaped glands located inside the scrotum (a sac of loose skin that lies directly below the penis). The testicles are held within the scrotum by the spermatic cord, which also contains the vas deferens and vessels and nerves of the testicles.

The testicles are the male sex glands and produce testosterone and sperm. Germ cells within the testicles produce immature sperm that travel through a network of tubules (tiny tubes) and larger tubes into the epididymis (a long coiled tube next to the testicles) where the sperm mature and are stored.

Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men 20 to 35 years old.

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Source: National Cancer Institute 
 
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Tumor Types
Almost all testicular cancers start in the germ cells. The two main types of testicular germ cell tumors are seminomas and nonseminomas. These 2 types grow and spread differently and are treated differently. Nonseminomas tend to grow and spread more quickly than seminomas. Seminomas are more sensitive to radiation. A testicular tumor that contains both seminoma and nonseminoma cells is treated as a nonseminoma.

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Source: National Cancer Institute

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Symptoms
These and other symptoms may be caused by testicular cancer. Other conditions may cause the same symptoms. Consult a doctor if any of the following problems occur:
 
• A painless lump or swelling in either testicle.
• A change in how the testicle feels.
• A dull ache in the lower abdomen or the groin.
• A sudden build-up of fluid in the scrotum.
• Pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum.
  
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Source: National Cancer Institute 
 
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Treatment
The type of treatment selected will depend upon tumor grade and stage as well as your general health. Three types of treatment are commonly used for testicular cancer: surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

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Source: National Cancer Institute 
  
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